Nazi Propaganda

This statement can be true on one hand due to various factors during the early years of the nazi propaganda regime. There are many things which could be said about the nazi propaganda and the methods which were used. Nazi propaganda provided a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power, and for the implementation of their policies, including the pursuit of total war and the extermination of millions of people in the Holocaust. German propaganda was extremely important to the course of World War II. By taking control of the media and only printing or broadcasting Nazi material, the Reich was able to effectively flood Germany with its propaganda. There were many different themes of Nazi propaganda during the early regime, one being Volksgemeinschaft which was the idea of a perfect family. This theme of propaganda was to try and persuade the German families that each family should be perfect with a working mother, four children and a family house. This was probably one of the most persuasive of the German themes of Nazi propaganda as it was ideal for the German nation to have perfect lives in which will help each family grow to be a part of the process of rebuilding Germany, it called upon each German to show unity throughout the country. Also a major theme of which Nazi propaganda was portrayed was eugenics. This came under heavy criticism due to the fact that it was against the Catholic Church which at the time was the biggest religion spread over the world. Historian, Welch, has argued the point that he believes Nazi propaganda was more successful in putting Hitler over with the German people rather than putting the Nazi policies over. This is a case of the ‘Hitler Myth' which is what many people believe to be that Hitler was promoted as a saviour to the German nation after all of the disasters of WW1 and the Treaty of Versailles. Things such as the poster on Germans buying only German goods within the country, it also says German Week/German Goods/German Labor, which is a propaganda method to get across the point that the German's work for the goods each week and therefore they should buy their own goods as a sign of respect towards the country. It also has a short and catchy slogan which would cause a knockon effect throughout Germany. This Nazi propaganda poster was published during the 1930's and was a great part of Nazi propaganda as the majority of Germans took notice of the slogan and what the poster was trying to get across to the German public. Another poster which was published within the 1930's was a poster which was against handicapped German citizens as the Nazi's felt that handicapped people were a waste of German goods and a waste in the community. The poster reads ‘This genetically ill person will cost our peoples community 60,000 marks over his lifetime. Citizens, that i your money. ‘ The point that this message is trying to get across to the German society was that handicaps could not pay back enough sufficient effort to the German nation and were wasting marks. This poster was quite successful as it proved to be another Nazi propaganda method which would make the German people begin to realise that Nazi's were trying to create a better life for the men and women who could work for the country and support the Nazi reign. However as the years progressed and the Nazi propaganda methods began to slow down during the war, it became clear to alot of Germans that the Nazi propaganda was just infact lies and methods of making them believe that everything about the Nazi Party was for the greater good of the German nation. It became apparent to the Germans that the Nazi propaganda wasn't actually putting across the Nazi policies very well to the Germans, more putting Hitler's views across and that Hitler should be supported in whatever he views to be the right way forward for the German people. During 1941, a novel named ‘Germany Must Perish! ‘, written and self-published by Theodore N. Kaufman was released. The Nazi's used this book in a piece of propaganda to allege that the Jews were plotting against Germany. The Nazi's reacted to the book by calling it an ‘orgy of Jewish hatred' and then accused Roosevelt of having inspired the book. A controversial point of the book's effect was on September 8 1941 when the Jews of Hanover were forced from their homes. However the book was claimed not to have had a real impact for propaganda on Nazi genocide policies and was ignored by many Germans.

Lewis and Rostow

Outline the theories of Lewis and Rostow and discuss their relevance in analysing the problems of development in LDC’s In the 1950’s, the two most prominent economists of the Western school were Arthur Lewis and Walt W. Rostow. Their theories had a significant impact on the policies of Western governments regarding development in LDC’s. Arthur Lewis claimed he was a classical economist because he disagreed with the neo-classical school. He argued that the neo-classical assumption of full employment is incorrect in the long-run, and that they therefore had no long-term perspective on development.However, Lewis has been categorised by other economists such as Hollis B. Chenery, as a Structuralist. This is because his famous ‘two-sector model’ focuses in the mechanisms through which LDC’s can change their economic infrastructure from an agricultural to a more modern industrial one. 1 The emphasise on internal modes of production and reform of dom estic infrastructure is a distinguishing feature of the Structuralists. In the mid 1950’s Lewis, in his essay ‘Economic Development with unlimited supply of Labour’ put forward his theory of underdevelopment.He begins with the assumption that the economy of the LDC’s could be split into two sectors; the traditional sector, which is agrarian, and characterised by subsistence wages and a surplus of labour. Lewis referred to this as ‘disguised unemployment’. Because of the large labour force in the traditional sector, much of it unused, this results in zero marginal labour productivity. Wages are therefore kept at subsistence levels, which causes wages in the modern sector to be set at subsistence level. The modern sector is characterised as a highly productive, urban, industrial sector.Lewis argues that surplus labour in the traditional sector can be gradually transferred to the modern sector with no loss to productivity because of the zero marg inal productivity of labour in agriculture. To encourage the flow of labour from the traditional to the modern sector Lewis allows for a 30% differential in income. Once the modern sector reaches full employment output is increased. The increase is determined by the rate of investment and capital accumulation (this is assuming that excess profits are re-invested).Thus the demand for labour will once again increase and with the 30% premium over traditional sector wages, supply curve of labour from the traditional to modern sector is perfectly elastic. The ‘two-sector’ model of development demonstrates the process of labour transfer and the growth of employment and production in the modern sector. The top right diagram represents production in the traditional sector. Total product (TPA) is the function of variable labour (LA), fixed capital (KA) and traditional technology (tA): TPA = f (LA, KA, tA).In the bottom right diagram we have the average and marginal product of la bour curves, which are derived from the total product curve in the diagram directly above it. There are two assumptions made; firstly, the marginal product of labour is zero (MpLA at LA), hence there is surplus labour. Secondly, wages are divided equally in the traditional sector so it is the average, and not the marginal product of labour determines the real wage. 2 ? The diagram on the top left represents production in the modern sector.Again, the total product (TPM) in this sector is a function of the variable input labour (LM), a given capital input (KM), and modern technology (tM): TPM = f (LM, KM, tM). The model demonstrates that at if labour is at L1, and capital stock at KM1, then output will be TPM1. Lewis allows for the re-investment of excess profits in the modern sector, which will increase capital stock from KM1 to KM2 and then to KM3. This results in an increase in the demand for labour (from L1, to L2, then L3), and an increase in output for the sector (from TPM1, to TPM2, and then TPM3).We can see also that the total product curves rise in accordance to the increase in capital stock and labour. The process by which capital stock and total product will increase is demonstrated in the bottom left diagram. WA is the subsistence wage level offered by the traditional sector. With a 30% premium over the traditional wage rate, wages for the modern sector is at WM. Lewis assumes that the supply of labour is perfectly elastic and will remain so throughout the development process, hence the horizontal labour supply curve.Employers will hire at this wage rate without the possibility of wages rising. Because capital stock (KM1) is fixed in the initial stage of growth, demand curve for labour is determined by labours declining marginal product3, the negatively sloped curve D1 (KM1). Employers in the modern sector are assumed to hire to where the marginal physical product of labour is equal to the real wage, so employment will be at L1. Area OWMFL1 represent s wages for this sector, and profits are shown by area WMD1F. Lewis assumes that these profits will be re-invested, so the capital stock now increases from KM1 to KM2.This will increase total product in the modern sector, inducing higher demand for labour. The new equilibrium is now at point G with L2 workers in the bottom left diagram. The same process will once again occur, increasing capital stock to KM3, total product of labour to TPM(KM3), and employment in the modern sector to L3. According to the Lewis hypothesis, this process will continue until all surplus labour is absorbed into the new modern sector. The declining labour to land ratio will increase the marginal productivity of labour above zero, causing the labour supply curves to become positively sloped.So wages and employment will continue to grow, and the domestic structure of the economy is changed, allowing for the growth of a modern, urban, industrial sector. The Lewis two-sector model draws on the experience of ec onomic development in the West, but he makes a number of key assumptions that are not plausible to developing countries in this day and age. Firstly, Lewis assumes that the increase in employment in the modern sector is proportional to its rate of profit. (This is on a further assumption that all profits are infact re-invested).In reality it is a common trend for Trans-National Companies (TNC’s) to employ increasing levels of capital and technology, while keeping labour at the same level. Lewis also assumes that there is surplus labour in agriculture and full employment in the modern sector. This is infact untrue, and the opposite is more common in most LDC’s. Also, research suggests that unemployment is not as high as Lewis estimated (around 50%) but is more accurately around the 5% mark. The assumption of an infinitely elastic labour has also been subject to criticism.Empirically labour will experience some rise in wages, so the labour supply curve will not remain fl at. Lewis makes some politically incorrect assumptions. He argues that farmers will get richer during the development process due to an increasing demand for food from a growing urban population. He suggests that farmers should be taxed and the money should be invested in urban areas. So he advocated the taxing of people on subsistence wage levels, to help the capitalist class! He also advocated the curbing of trade union power during evelopment, and to protect the growth of the capitalists using tariffs (this was undoubtedly very unpopular with the Marxists). The two-sector model emphasises the need to increase money supply in order to kick-start the development process. We know that in the real world this could lead to inflation, speculation and balance of payment problems. Lewis does acknowledge these possibilities in his article, but he does not explain how the loans themselves can be bad. He places a high degree of importance on a capitalist class who would bring about an outfl ow of profits, but does not explain from where the new class will emerge.Despite all of these flaws in the two-sector model, Lewis was nonetheless awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics for his endeavours. In 1960, the US economist and historian Walt Whitman Rostow published his paper ‘The Stages of Economic Development’. He claimed he was providing an alternative to the Marxist view of history, and thus gave his paper the subtitle; ‘a non-communist manifesto’. Rostow analysed the process of development in the West and concludes that it is possible to distinguish development into stages; and all societies can be categorised into one of the five stages he distinguishes.In order to develop LDC’s are required to progress through these stages. The five stages are as follows: The traditional society, transitional (or preconditions to take-off), take-off, maturity and high-mass consumption. 4 A traditional society is the most basic form of society. It does little more than economically survive. Production is used for self-consumption and there is no trade. It would usually have a ceiling on production due to limitations of science and backward production practices. There is generally a high proportion of the workforce in agriculture (>75%), little social change, and large divisions of wealth. In the transition stage agriculture will begin to prevail, mainly due to foreign interests. Rostow argues that the level of investment must be raised to at least 10% of national income, ensuring self-sustaining growth. The bulk of investment should be spent on infrastructure, like transport and communication if society is to progress to the next stage. He states that society must also be willing to operate closer to factory principles and the division of labour, and a new elite must emerge that will drive the factory process. It is generally accepted that entrepreneurs usually appear in commerce.Rostow and others acknowledge that society may be i n this stage for centuries. To propel society from transition to take-off growth must become self-sustaining. Rostow predicts that investment must rise in excess of 10% of national income in order to guarantee adequate levels of future savings and investment. 6 What is significant in this stage is the emergence of major export industries (what Rostow calls ‘leading growth sectors’). In the US and Russia this would have been the grain industry, in Britain the textiles industry, in Sweden, timber etc.So the industry itself differs from country to country, and Rostow makes clear that LDC’s do not have to produce the same goods as developed nations in order to ‘take-off’. In the stage of maturity society will apply a wide range of new technology to most of its resources. In this period a nation will grow confident and exert itself. It will also have to make a choice at this point as to what it should spend its new found wealth on. Either to move towards high-mass consumption, to build a welfare state, or to meet imperialist ends.The stage of high-mass consumption, Rostow argues, applies only to the US, as at the time of writing (1956) no other society had achieved this. Based on his theory Rostow, Rosenstein and Rodon came up with a 5-year plan for LDC’s following the Western ideology of development. The 5-year plans were largely unsuccessful, not to mention controversial. At the height of the cold war the US funded any tin-pot dictator who was not allied with the USSR, under the guise of aid for development. There are several issues in Rostows theory that has received criticism.Firstly, he negates the multiplier process, and refers to it as ‘backward lineage’. He also ignores foreign exchange constraints, like the cost of importing machinery. His single minded pursuit of capital has led to ‘wide elephant’ projects by the UN, which have caused a lot of damage to the environment and brought very litt le benefit to LDC’s. Also, concentration on capital intensive goods makes things worse. It deprives consumption, gives rise to demand, which makes increases in demand for capital goods inevitable. Simon Kuznets points out that there is no distinction between stages 2 and 3, and also 3 and 4.The characteristics that Rostow distinguishes are not unique to those phases. For example, the changes that occur during transition also seem to occur during take-off. In Kuznets own words: â€Å"It seems to me that Rostow defines these social phenomena as a complex that produces the effect he wishes to explain and then treats his identification as if it were a meaningful identification†7 The main problem with Rostow’s theory is his political bias. This is not surprising if we take into account the historical and political conditions in which the theory was created (the cold war, McCarthyism).Rostow wanted to provide a Western, capitalist ideology of development. The neo-Marx ists point out that LDC’s are very different from each other, and we cannot ignore the historical context in which they were created as Rostow does. The centuries of colonialism still have an effect on LDC’s today and to ignore this is wrong. The neo-Marxists argue that the History of LDC’s is littered with aborted ‘take-offs’ and ‘crash landings’, which have left them with distorted development and dependency. Both Lewis and Rostow tend to indicate that development is a purely domestic issue, and that obstacles to growth are all internal.They emphasise on savings and investment, and do not take into account the many external forces that can stimulate or hinder growth, such as political and economic pressure from TNC’s and the WTO. They make no attempt to explain ideas suggested by the Prebisch-Singer thesis, or to reconcile Emmanuel’s theory of ‘Unequal Exchange’. Overall, both economists imply that growth an d development are solely in the hands of the developing countries, trivialising the dominance and significance of the West in the development process.

Causes of Poverty in Mauritius

Causes of Poverty in Mauritius Over the past two decades, Mauritius has continuously experienced considerable improvements in both social and economic levels. Mauritius is ranked as an upper middle income country since 2003, with a GDP per capita of $4000. Substantial improvement in life expectancy and literacy, Mauritius has shifted from medium to a high human development country during same period. This is evidenced by the latest UN Human Development Indices: Mauritius is ranked 81 (182 countries) in 2007, with an HDI value of 0.804. Challenge Despite these considerable improvements, poverty does exist in Mauritius. Rapid modernization and industrialization has lead to income inequality in the population, leading to an increase in number of pockets of poverty. This is a common phenomenon experienced by most developing countries. Governments or organizations have to reconsider their policies to decrease the level of income inequality in order to eradicate the problem of poverty. Meeting the challenge In Mauritiu s, government has implemented several social welfare programmes to bridge the gap between poor and non-poor. This include the distribution of social aid to needy people, subsidies on basic food item, ZEP programme in schools to enhance level of education, micro-financing to small and medium enterprises, female empowerment in labor market . In the 2008/09 National Budget, the Government provided Rs 395 million for the setting up of the of the Eradication of Absolute Poverty (EAP) Programme, an integrated development project which targets the households in the 229 pockets of poverty. In 2009, the Government has set up the National Empowerment Fund as an institutional framework to strengthen the role of various policy programmes such as the Empowerment Programme, EAP, Decentralised Cooperation Programme (DCP), etc. Despite the government policies, reforms and actions, poverty is still persistent in Mauritius. Poverty perceptions Poverty is a complex issue and multifaceted. This has alw ays been of concern for everybody. Many studies and policy programmes have been put forward to assess poverty situation in the country and also to target the poor. It is worth noting that the proportion of people living below $1.25 per day, international poverty line, is almost negligible in the country. In contrast, past studies have shown that there are people living in severe poverty. The Relative Development Index for administrative regions, Municipal Wards and Village Council Areas (Central Statistics Office, 2000) identified the least developed regions in the country. The Trust Fund of Social Integration for Vulnerable Groups (set up in 2001) identified 229 pockets of poverty. The qualitative study conducted by DCP pointed out that there were people struggling for basic food. As a matter concern poverty has even been linked to a particular ethnic group that is, poverty perceived as ‘malaise creole’. These perceptions of poverty are evidence that people show their concern and this concern has accentuated the need for good measurement. Objective of study The complexity and sensitivity of poverty has accentuated the interest of people in targeting the poor and assessing poverty. Debates, focus group discussions and studies regarding poverty alleviation are still going on. Researchers are looking for new measurement and approaches to assess poverty in the country. Policy makers are looking for high quality inputs to formulate targeted strategies and programmes.

Critically analyse the extent to which the militarisation of Essay

Critically analyse the extent to which the militarisation of humanitarian assistance has affected the way in which humanitarian agencies carry out their role in conflict affected countries - Essay Example crisis with humanitarian action in most parts increasingly being used as a selective tool for the powerful hence failing to live up to its principles as well as â€Å"protection and restoration of the dignity of human life† (pp. 1). This, he attributes to the militarisation and politicisation of humanitarian assistance which has grossly impacted the effectiveness of such humanitarian efforts and increasingly put the life of the aid workers at risk. A recent example of military involvement in humanitarian efforts is the Haiti experience where in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the first humanitarian response was the deployment of the United States and Canadian military troops in the region to distribute foreign aid and help in disaster relief efforts. Mennonite Central Committee (2011) in Haiti were particularly concerned as to the mission of foreign troops in the land taking account that the military may not be as effective as professional relief agencies in delivering aid to areas most needed (pp. 1). Other areas where militarisation of humanitarian assistance has been noted in the recent past include Kosovo, Yugoslavia, Iraq and Afghanistan. With such trends rising, this paper investigates the impact that militarisation of Humanitarian Assistance has on the way in which humanitarian agencies carry out their role in conflict affected countries. The paper first defines what militarisation of humanitarian assistance is all about, clearly evaluating how humanitarian space is being invaded by the military force. It will then engage the key debates and concepts concerning militarisation of humanitarian assistance both from those who support it and those who do not. These debates are mainly from an ethical and moral view point as humanitarian assistance is inherently guided by moral values. Finally, the paper analyses the role of humanitarian agencies in conflict affected countries linking theory and practice, taking into account militarisation of

Uranium processing plant in Tokai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Uranium processing plant in Tokai - Essay Example criticality (a limited uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction), which continued intermittently for 20 hours.† IAEA remarked the cause as â€Å"human error and serious breaches of security principles† (World Nuclear Association) The accident took place when three workers were fabricating fuel for the JOYO experimental fast breeder reactor. It contained 18.8 percent enriched uranium. Then it was for the first time in three years that this reactor was fuelled and it was also found out that these workers were not professionally qualified and trained for operating such a reactor. The concentration of uranium was in excess inside the reactor which led to the accident and eventually, radioactive products were set out in the building. The workers who were near to the reactor showed symptoms like breathing trouble, nausea etc soon after the incident. The urgency lasted for around 20 hours. The sole cause of the accident was a critical error from the workers, that is, they filled a wrong concentration of uranium nitrate in the tank. The Chernobyl disaster of 1986 which is known as world’s largest nuclear disaster is also said to have occurred due to human errors. A commission of the USSR state committee attributed the flaws to the unscientific design and management of the power plant. The direct cause was similar to that of the Tokai accident. This accident also happened when some inexperienced hands involved in the maintenance of the reactor IV in the power plant. The Three Mile Island disaster which took place in 1979 was also an aftermath of human errors (The Japan Times). Blemishes in the user interface engineering were cited as the cardinal cause for the disaster. This directed to an incorrect understanding of the valve status. This provided another entry to the list of nuclear disasters. In all these cases, it can be noticed that human errors turned out to be the paramount antecedent for the mishaps. It is a known fact that tiny glitches can lead to behemoth

Strategy and specific requirements for the Asset Team members Coursework

Strategy and specific requirements for the Asset Team members - Coursework Example Again, the asset manager would ensure that project delivery is undertaken without a compromise to any acts that fall outside the stipulated scope and system definition. Based on all the issues outlined above, the mission statement for the asset team members will to â€Å"to deliver a globally competitive asset management standards that meet the demands of the project at both the asset in-flow and asset out-flow stages.† Task 2: Asset Manager and Asset Management Team Strategy and specific requirements for the Asset Team members The strategy for the asset team members would be doubted as â€Å"independent dynamism†. This strategy is made up of two major aspects, which are the need for asset team members to be independent in their decision making and the need for asset team members to be proactive and dynamic in their decision making. This perspective of strategy is adapted because of the generalized mission to ensure that the service delivery that should come from the as set management of the project would be a globalised one that can rightly compete with global models. To do this easily, the asset team members are each expected to possible a competence requirement of decisiveness, action driven, goal oriented and independent mindedness with an ability to work with minimal instruction. How the Asset Team members will be sourced The search for asset team members will be undertaken on a well rehearsed scale and according to a well coordinated pattern. Such an approach is expected to result in a situation whereby nothing but the best of human resource will be sourced for the project. To this end, there shall be a specialized recruitment and... The search for asset team members will be undertaken on a well rehearsed scale and according to a well coordinated pattern. Such an approach is expected to result in a situation whereby nothing but the best of human resource will be sourced for the project. To this end, there shall be a specialized recruitment and selection procedure that will take place on a peripheral level. What this means is that invitation for application for recruitment shall be extended to all potential members from within and without the company. This would ensure that as many talents as possible are sampled and that as much competition as possible exist among the applicants. Job specifications and requirements shall be spelt out and critically examined for each applicant. A team consultants and technocrats in the field of asset management would then undertake the final selection based on a teamed interview section for each of the applicants. What this means in the long run is that each person who becomes a m ember of the team would have to justify his or her inclusion in the team.

Particle Size and Shape Measurements of Soot Using Image Analysis Lab Report

Particle Size and Shape Measurements of Soot Using Image Analysis - Lab Report Example The shapes of the particles were not purely rounded. The soot image had slightly larger particles having an area of approximately 8.6 cm squared. The solidity of the particles was found to be relatively high for the soot images that was swelling. Introduction. In industrial sectors, accurate and quick analysis of particle size distribution is of great importance. In many cases, the surface growth of the soot has been seen to be more dominant that the soot mass yield. A number of operations of mineral processing rely on the distribution of sizes and measurements that are key in bettering the efficiencies of the industrial sectors (Megaridis 14). A significant number of industrial processes of soot are mostly established through the distribution of the sizes of particles in their industrial processes. To characterize the soot growth rate, the theoretical model assessment is the surface area of the soot. For instance, the growth of the mass of soot normally comes before the abstraction of hydrogen establishing a radical surface site in the acetylene preparation. In these processes, the rate of mass addition relies on the total area of the surface and the amount of reactive surfaces. A substantial number of parameter that identify soot’s growth rate can be measured in an optical manner such as the fraction volume of the soot, temperature, and velocity. Such measurements are beneficial due to their non-intrusive nature, and the fact they occur in real time. The optical measurement of the size of the particle can facilitate the soot mass growth measurement and the rates of oxidation per surface area. A number of studies conducted on this field have determined the size of the soot particles using different methods like the electron transmission microscopy, time intensive and intrusive processes, and thermophoretic soot sampled micrograph among other methods. So far, there is no study that has used image analysis to determine the shape and size of soot particles . In this respect, a study was set to investigate the particle size and shape measurements of soot using image analysis. Theory. A digital image is made up of different pixel that are normally assigned a specific value. In the digital vision, the process of segmentation can be referred to as a partitioning process of the digital image into several segments (Harris 3). In this respect, the segmentation objective is normally to change or simplify the image representation into an easier an meaningful image for analysis. One of the simplest methods in image analysis is thresholding. Beginning with a grayscale image, binary images can be obtained through thresh holding. Binary images can be defined as digital images having only two pixel values (Sunderland 7). In many situations the two categories of colours used in binary imaging involve black and white. In this process, the shape descriptors of particles from the analysis of the image are normally determined through the use of values t hat are measured for the area, major, perimeter, and minor axis parameters. These values are normally given out through the image analyzer and can be identified as a critical tool in the particles classification of shape (Howard 1107). The calculation of the particles’s shape can be given by equation 1. C = 4pi* [Area/ Perimeter2]....................

Toulmin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toulmin - Essay Example The youngsters are getting more and more involved in the negative activities of bullying and negative social behaviors at school and offices. These attitudes can be observed since the period of early childhood and it all significantly depends upon the exposure to the media programs that promote violence. Nonetheless, every means of media does not participate in enhancing such attitude but the content which includes violence is notably promoted through movies. Human beings have a mental capability to have continuous learning and their personalities are known to be impacted from the content that they see and read on a regular basis (Escobar-Chaves and Anderson 147). There are however, two schools of thought that are having an argument about presence of violence in media. The first one tends to establish that the promotion of violence is aggravating inhumane behaviors in the society and the other one argues that violence in movies helps the community to know about the current negative b ehaviors in the societies and therefore, provide food of thought for intellects and policy makers that have to develop interventions to manage the problem. Previous researches depicted the fact that media has a significant correlation with behavior alteration. It is not only stated that media causes bad behavior to increase and people also conceive themselves to follow the demonstrated behaviors on the big-screen.. There has been a number of empirical researches and surveys which have effectively explored the extent to that media promotes bad behaviors in the community (Huesmann and Taylor 393) Media content nowadays is intended for mature audience but due to insignificant control, children have been known to expose to an inappropriate material and it causes behavioral disequilibrium and confusion. Media is taken as a threat to public health and if violence is being frequently transmitted without any prominent control method then, the condition will worsen and that is for sure. Medi a has an impact over the people of every age but in the case of children, it works faster and in a deeper sense. The content may include television shows, video games and movies. According to some recent studies, it has been found that news media also significantly impacts the behaviors of the people (Escobar-Chaves and Anderson 149). There are two groups with divergent views about the featured problem. One is in favor of the stance that media has significant impact over the public behavior and it is promoting violence while other claims that media has been a source for highlighting social problems and therefore, making a positive contribution towards the community. However, researches have been working with both the statements. According to a general view, media has adverse affects over the audience in many regards, for instance, the younger viewers, who watch television 2 hours on an average without any control, suffer from many disorders such as school absenteeism, sleeping disor ders, underage sexual relationships and bullying the colleagues at educational institutions (Carnagey and Anderson et al. 178). Alternative views suggest that this is the problem with viewer’s age limit because the content was not intended for underage. The video games on the other hand, are intended for the kids and these are full of violent activities. Children imitate the activities and stunts which are performed by the heroes of the games and movies which may cause harm as well. Another

Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act Policy Analysis Research Paper

Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act Policy Analysis - Research Paper Example While the bill intends to ensure that hospitals are maintaining appropriate staffing levels and staffing plans, it also guarantees that violators of the proposed law would be subject to monetary recompense for failing to abide by the provisions set forth in the bill. As further protectionist measures, H.R. 876 would specify available protections for employees of hospitals and patients for whistle blowing in the event of grievances or complaints, thereby ensuring that discrimination does not occur as a result of the proposed operational changes within the hospital environment and that no hospital retaliation should occur as a result of said grievances (Congress.gov, 2013). Hence, the bill ensures that there is accountability within the hospital administrative hierarchy for failing to abide by the language of this proposed piece of legislation.   H.R. 876 also clearly indicates the expectations for the role of the new hospital committees, including the establishment of a recurring ev aluation system to measure the success or failure of staffing plan implementations. At least once annually, these evaluations must occur, providing the framework by which staffing plan modifications are made (Library of Congress, 2013). The proposed legislation also sets out that overtime be considered by the committee, thus providing further protections for on-staff registered nurses and ensuring that the hospital maintains staffing structures that provide adequate relief during times of absence.   Reporting of staffing plans are also mandated by the bill to be submitted for public evaluation no later than 90 days after the date by which the committee has conducted its evaluation of staffing plan implementation (Library of Congress, 2013). If, according to the Secretary, any hospital has violated the provisions outlined in H.R. 876, they will be subject to a demand for corrective action to fix the violation and may also be subject to civil monetary penalties (Library of Congress, 2013). Hence, the bill provides the specific duties of the Secretary in ensuring that the legislation is adhered to

Is College Worth it Essay Example for Free

Is College Worth it Essay â€Å"What is a College Degree Worth? † by Maggie Gallagher. The overall main idea of this article is that the cost of college is going up and people is taking loans out which are putting them in debt because they have to pay them off. That is the reason why some people don’t go to college, I believe the author wrote the article to inform you about why teens are in debt after they graduate college. According to Mrs. Gallagher the main reason why college debt is increasing is  because loans are available and teenagers are encouraged to borrow money. At least 700 colleges have contract with bad banks to market credit cards to students. About nine in 10 students use credit cards to help pay for their college expenses. The main reason why the increase in college debt is because colleges have taught teenagers bad financial decisions, which has caused the decrease in the worth of a college degrees. The degree I’m pursuing at this moment is my Bachelor’s degree in Culinary Arts. I want a better education other than a high school diploma. Me wanting to become a chef/ Pastry chef, there is nothing Flint nor Michigan for my degree. I want to be up there with the people on the Food network channel and the TLC channel as well. With me having more degrees it will most likely guarantee me a VERY nice job in the near future.

Iodine: Properties, Uses and Dangers

Iodine: Properties, Uses and Dangers Introduction: Iodine is an indispensable micronutrient required in small amounts for the normal physiological function of the human body [1]. Iodine is a critical component of the thyroid hormones, which are necessary for various metabolic and enzymatic processes. These processes include control of the body’s metabolic rate, growth and development, neuron function and development. The recommended dietary intake for adult men and non-pregnant women is 150  µg/d, 220-250  µg/d for pregnant women and 250-290  µg/d for breastfeeding women (American thyroid Association) [2]. Seafood, dairy products, and plants grown in iodine-rich soils are decent sources of iodine as food [3]. Most other foods contain low amounts of iodine so individuals require additional sources to meet the recommended amounts. Insufficient intake of iodine results in a variety of disorders referred to as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). They include mental impairment, goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), hypoth yroidism, and dwarfism [1-3]. IDD is especially destructive during the early stages of pregnancy and in early childhood. In their most severe form, IDD include cretinism (extreme case of neurological damage from fetal hypothyroidism), stillbirth and miscarriage, and increased infant mortality. IDD is a noteworthy public health problem in more than 50 countries. According, to the World Health Organization (2004) [4] an estimated 2 billion people worldwide (35.2% of the world population) suffer from inadequate iodine intake. Iodide is crucial to thyroid function in vertebrates, with vital implications for human health. It is important to recall that more than 95% of total iodine necessary for humans is accumulated in the thyroid gland. The history of therapeutic use of iodine dates back centuries. It has been described as the most potent antiseptic available. However, its therapeutic uses require careful evaluation because of its narrow range of intake to support optimal thyroid function [5]. One of the most notable features of iodine as an antiseptic is the lack of selection of resistant strains. Only one report of iodine resistance has been published [6]. The behaviour of iodine-based antiseptics on skin was investigated by Gottardi in 1995. Iodine antiseptics have wide scope of antimicrobial activity, killing all principal pathogens and given enough time even spores. Iodine based preparations and iodine salts are widely used as antimicrobial remedies, especially in the form of alcoholic solutions. This is due to the broad antimicrobial activity of iodine and the low cost of iodine components [7]. However, there is considerable controversy about the maximum safe iodine and duration of use. Povidone-iodine prepara tions are widely used as an antiseptic to prepare patient’s skin before surgery and are also used by surgeons and theatre staff as a skin cleaner and antiseptic in preoperative hand scrubs [8]. Many other wound dressing material containing iodine are Inadine, Iodosorb, Iodoflex, Iodozyme, Repithel etc. [9]. The antimicrobial property of iodine has been using for water disinfection since First world war to disinfect drinking water for troops in France and subsequently, US army during second world war used Globalin (tetraglycine hydroperiodide) tablets [10]. Iodine based disinfectant has been in use by NASA in space flights [11]. Today iodine based disinfection materials are mainly available in two forms, as iodine solution and iodine resin [12]. Iodine resins are solid-phase iodine disinfectants. Iodine resins are generally regarded as demand release disinfectants [12]. Starting in the early 1990’s increasing interest in the chemistry of polyvalent organic reagents is also notable and since then an innumerable of reports on the use of such compounds in organic synthesis have been published [13]. Wijs reagent, a solution of iodine monochloride in acetic acid and can be prepared from a mixture of iodine and iodine trichloride, is used for the estimation of the iodine value of fats and oils [14]. However there are various problems associated with the use of free iodine, like excess iodine ingestion cause thyroid disorders, irritation of tissues and short duration of action when used as antimicrobial remedies and high degree of instability [15]. These problems were overcome by the development of iodophores. Iodophores are complexes between iodine and a solubilising agent or carrier to increase the solubility and endure the release of iodine. In an aqueous iodophore solution, iodine is present in the form of different thermodynamically stable anionic iodine species and diatomic iodine [16]. Anionic species of iodine could interact with cationic groups of various polymers and form polymeric iodophores as ionic complexes. Four types of carriers have been generally used:- i) Polyoxymer iodophores. ii) Cationic surfactant iodophores. iii) Non-ionic surfactant iodophores. iv) Polyvinyl-pyrrolidine iodophores (also known as povidone iodine or PVP-I). In most of these carriers iodine is present in aggregates (or micelles) of surfactants, which act as reservoir of iodine. Polyoxymer iodophore are complexes of non-ionic copolymers with iodine. In case of non-ionic surfactant iodophore the complex formation take place through donor-acceptor mechanism with the surfactant ethereal oxygen (as donor) and iodine (as acceptor) [17]. PVP with iodine forms a stable charge-transfer complex. In PVP-I solutions, free species of iodine are formally controlled by the mass action law including a coupled reversible interaction between iodine–iodide, triiodide–polymer and iodine–triiodide–polymer complexes [18]. In 1981, Cadexomer iodine was developed as another means of delivering benign iodine. Cadexomer is a derivative of dextrines (containing some number of carboxyl groups) cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and exits in the form of water-insoluble microbeads; 0.9% of molecular iodine is physically (not chemically) tra pped in the core of these microbeads [19]. Solubility of elemental iodine increases in the presence of iodide ions, such as potassium iodide, where iodine reacts to form tri-iodide ions. Aqueous solutions of iodine are not stable and, depending on conditions, many different species may be present. Of these, it is believed that molecular iodine (I2) has the highest antimicrobial potential. Stability is influenced by pH and activity diminishes with increased alkalinity and storage time [20]. The seven principal iodine species found in aqueous solution are I2, HOI, OIà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬, H2OI+, I3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬, Ià ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬, of which only hydrated iodine (I2), hypoiodous acid (HOI) and iodine cation (H2OI+) possess bactericidal activity. At physiologically compatible pH and low concentrations, the only species of importance are Ià ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬, I2 and I3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ [21]. The type and nature of the iodine species present in the iodine-polymer complexes depends on t he nature of the polymer. Many iodine- synthetic polymers complexes were known to regulate the release of iodine like povidone-iodine (Betadine), iodine incorporated resins (quaternary ammonium polymers), iodpolycom complex (vinylpyrrolidone and butyl methacrylate) [7, 18, 19] etc. Medical research of the Sklifosovskiy Research Institute and the National Centre for Toxicological and biological Safety of Medical Products (Report No. 5-10, Jan 11. 2012) [7] demonstrated that the complexed iodine exerted no burning effects on surrounding tissues. However there are some disadvantages associated with iodine-artificial polymers like non-biodegradability, toxicity, expensive etc. which can be overcome by using natural gums. References: J. Agarwal, C. S. Pandav, M. G. Karmarkar, S. Nair, Community monitoring of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme in the National Capital Region of Delhi, Public Heath Nutrition, 14:5 754-757 (2010). American Thyroid Association, news release, June, 5, (2013). S. F. Morell, The Great Iodine Debate- Weston A. Price Foundation, Wise Tradition in food, Farming and the Healing Arts, 13:14 1-35 (2012). World Health Organization. Iodine status worldwide. WHO global database on iodine deficiency. Geneva, Switzerland, Jun 28, (2010). J. Stansbury, P. Saunders, D. Winston, Promoting healthy thyroid function with Iodine, Bladderwrack, Guggul and its Iris, J. Restorative Medicine, 1, 83-89 (2012). G. Mycock, Methicillin/antiseptic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet, 2, 949–950 (1985). A. B. Davydov, S. I. Belyh, V. V. Kravets, Iodine-Containing Coating with Prolonged Antimicrobial Activity based on water insoluble Polymer Matrix, Biomedical Engineering, 46, 237-240 (2013). R. G. Sibbald, D. J. Leaper, D. Queen, Iodine Made Easy. Wounds international, 2:2 1-6 (2011). S. Boothman, Iodine White Paper: The Use of Iodine in Wound Therapy, Systagenix, (2010). M. R. Rogers, J. J. Vitaliano, Military Individual and Small Group Water Disinfecting System: An Assessment, Military Medicine, 142:4 268-277 (1977). S. Punyani, P. Narayana, H. Singh, P. Vasudevan, Iodine based water disinfection: A review, J Sci. Ind Res 65 116-120 (2006). E. L. Jarroll, Effect of Disinfectant on Giardia Cysts. CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 18:1 1-28 (1988). V. V. Zhdankin, P. J. Stang, Chemistry of polyvalent iodine, Chem. Rev, 108, 5299–5358 (2008). E. E. Gooch, Determination of the Iodine value of selected Oils: An Experiment combining FTIR Spectroscopy with Iodometric titrations, Chem. Educator, 6, 7–9 (2001). G. Selvaggi, S. Monstrey, K. V. Landuyt, M. Hamdi, P. Blondeel, The role of iodine in antisepsis and wound management: A reappraisal, Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 103, 241-247 (2003). W. Gottardi, Iodine and Disinfection: Theoretical Study on mode of action, Efficiency, Stability, and Analytical aspects in aqueous system, Arch. Pharm. Pharm. Med. Chem, 332, 151-157 (1999). S. K. Hait, S. P. Moulik, Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of Non-ionic Surfactants by Donor–Acceptor Interaction with Iodine and Correlation of CMC with Hydrophile–Lipophile Balance and Other Parameters of the Surfactants, J. Surfactants Deterg. 4:30 303-309 (2001). R. Klimaviciute, J. Bendoraitiene, R. Rutkaite, J. Siugzdaite, A. Zemaitaitis, Preparation, stability and antimicrobial activity of cationic cross-linked starch-iodine complex, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 51, 800-807 (2012). J. Bendoraitiene, E. Mazoniene, J. E. Zemaitaitiene, A. Zemaitaitis, Interaction of Polydiallyldimethyl ammonium Salts with Iodine, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100, 2710-2716 (2006). W. Gottardi, Iodine and iodine compounds. In: Block SS, editor. Disinfection, sterilization and preservation, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Lea Febiger, Chapter 8, 183–96 (1983). W. Gottardi, The formation of iodate as a reason for the decrease of efficiency of iodine containing disinfectant (author transl), Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg. B. 172, 151–157 (1981).

The AFL Canadian: Labor, National Identity, and Transnational Discourse

The AFL Canadian: Labor, National Identity, and Transnational Discourse 1936-1955 â€Å"The American Federation of Labor is an American organization,† declared William Green, president of the AFL, in his 1947 keynote speech, â€Å"It believe[d] in American, the fundamental law of the United States, the Constitution, freedom, liberty and democracy. We will have nothing to do with Communism in any shape, or form ... This sixty-sixth convention will redeclare its opposition to Communism and to Communist philosophy, and ... to [those who would] attempt to establish it among the organized labor of our country.† Though Green declared â€Å"Communism abhorrent to American labor† not all the members of the AFL were American. Indeed, Canadians and their unions had been part of the AFL since its inception in 1881. Craft unions in Canada were primarily organized under the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada (TLC), which had been a subdivision of the AFL since 1910. However the power relation between these two groups had been hotly contested over that time. Should the Trades and Labor Congress be able to act independently of the AFL leadership? After all, as Green said in his 1947 speech, â€Å"The American Federation of Labor is an American organization.† Canada was a sovereign state, yet its labor organizations were dominated by a foreign power. At the 1939 American Federation of Labor convention in Atlantic City, NJ, this issue of Canadian labor sovereignty in regards to the AFL came to the fore. The executive council of the AFL recommended giving the Trades and Labor Congress sole authority to grant central labor body charters. Although primarily an economically unimportant act, as central labor bodies did not arbitrate wages or work conditions,... ...f the AFL, I am well acquainted with the particularities of union research. Additionally, over the summer and continuing through this year, I have been working on a labor economics research project between the National Bureau of Economic Research, the Federal Reserve, and Columbia. Developing econometric models of wage variation between industries, I could perform statistical analysis of data, although the focus of my project will always be on the voices of the rank-and-file, not an aggregation of the quantifiable. As I am conversant in economic theory however, I can use my knowledge of international trade and labor economics to detail the backdrop against which the Toronto AFL story develops. I believe I can bring the voices of the Toronto rank-and-file into the Canadian historical conversation, which will bring greater detail to the Canadian historical narrative.

Free Essays on Invisible Man: Seeking Self :: Invisible Man Essays

Seeking Self in Invisible Man    Invisible Man is a story told through the eyes of the narrator, a Black man struggling in a White culture. The narrative starts during his college days where he works hard and earns respect from the administration. Dr. Bledsoe, the prominent Black administrator of his school, becomes his mentor. Dr. Bledsoe has achieved success in the White culture which becomes the goals which the narrator seeks to achieve. The narrator's hard work culminates in him being given the privilege of taking Mr. Norton, a White benefactor to the school, on a car ride around the college area. After much persuasion and against his better judgement, the narrator takes Mr. Norton to a run down Black neighborhood. When Dr. Bledsoe found out about the trip the narrator was kicked out of school because he showed Mr. Norton anything less than the ideal Black man. The narrator is shattered, by having the person he idealizes turn on him. Immediately, he travels to New York where he starts his life anew. He joins the Brotherhood, a group striving for the betterment of the Black race, an ideal he reveres. Upon arrival in the Brotherhood, he meets Brother Tarp and Brother Tod Clifton who give him a chain link and a paper doll, respectively. I choose to write about these items because they are symbolic of his struggle in his community fighting for the black people and of his struggle within himself searching for identity.    The narrator works hard for the Brotherhood and his efforts are rewarded by being distinguished as the representative of the Harlem district. One of the first people he meets is Brother Tarp, a veteran worker in the Harlem district, who gives the narrator the chain link he broke nineteen years earlier, while freeing himself from being imprisoned. Brother Tarp's imprisonment was for standing up to a White man. He was punished for his defiance and attempt to assert his individuality. Imprisonment robbed him of his identity which he regained by escaping and establishing himself in the Brotherhood. The chain becomes a symbol between the narrator and Brother Tarp because the chain also symbolizes the narrator's experience in college, where he was not physically chained down, but he was restricted to living according to Dr. Bledsoe's rules. He feels that he too escaped, in order to establish himself again (386).

Big Mikes Perspective in When Heaven and Earth Changed Places :: essays research papers

One of the events that stuck out to me from this book is when Le Ly agrees to have sex with an American soldier for $400, about eighty times what the usual Danang prostitute gets for the same service. The person that I see as responsible for this event is Big Mike, an American MP. Here is his side of the story: I had been dealing with this crap my whole life, whenever somebody needs something they call me, Big Mike. Most of the time it's nice because I can get a tidy profit from my dealings. Sometimes, like today, I end up losing out on more than profits. To start from the beginning, I was working over at the Freedom Mill talking shop with some of the Marines, when these two kids who look to be about my son's age walk up with a colonel. The colonel introduces them as Privates Williams and Jensen, and says they are on their way back Stateside. He also adds that they have had a pretty dreary tour and our looking for something fun before they have to go home to their girlfriends and wives. The colonel looked straight at me when he said that last part and I realized that it was going to be my job to go find some 'bum bum' for these two bums. Wanting to impress the colonel I stepped up with a big cheesy grin on my face, "I think I catch your drift Colonel, sir. Let me take care of these Privates." A few of the surrounding officers laughed at my innuendo, but the two privates just smiled sheepishly to each other. The colonel smiled, agreed, and handed me a wad of bills to pay for their good time. It added up to four hundred dollars, more th an enough for the thirty minutes they had before they had to be on the plane home. I started to leave the hangar with them and walk towards the Hoa Phat bar, which I knew to have a few nice clean girls. As we started walking I noticed a familiar figure with a red bucket standing by the gate. It was Le Ly, a black marketeer that I turned a blind eye to in the past in exchange for choice weed and Chinese jade. Now here was a pretty, clean girl. With the boys only having about twenty-five minutes before they had to board the plane I decided to try and bargain with her. Big Mike's Perspective in When Heaven and Earth Changed Places :: essays research papers One of the events that stuck out to me from this book is when Le Ly agrees to have sex with an American soldier for $400, about eighty times what the usual Danang prostitute gets for the same service. The person that I see as responsible for this event is Big Mike, an American MP. Here is his side of the story: I had been dealing with this crap my whole life, whenever somebody needs something they call me, Big Mike. Most of the time it's nice because I can get a tidy profit from my dealings. Sometimes, like today, I end up losing out on more than profits. To start from the beginning, I was working over at the Freedom Mill talking shop with some of the Marines, when these two kids who look to be about my son's age walk up with a colonel. The colonel introduces them as Privates Williams and Jensen, and says they are on their way back Stateside. He also adds that they have had a pretty dreary tour and our looking for something fun before they have to go home to their girlfriends and wives. The colonel looked straight at me when he said that last part and I realized that it was going to be my job to go find some 'bum bum' for these two bums. Wanting to impress the colonel I stepped up with a big cheesy grin on my face, "I think I catch your drift Colonel, sir. Let me take care of these Privates." A few of the surrounding officers laughed at my innuendo, but the two privates just smiled sheepishly to each other. The colonel smiled, agreed, and handed me a wad of bills to pay for their good time. It added up to four hundred dollars, more th an enough for the thirty minutes they had before they had to be on the plane home. I started to leave the hangar with them and walk towards the Hoa Phat bar, which I knew to have a few nice clean girls. As we started walking I noticed a familiar figure with a red bucket standing by the gate. It was Le Ly, a black marketeer that I turned a blind eye to in the past in exchange for choice weed and Chinese jade. Now here was a pretty, clean girl. With the boys only having about twenty-five minutes before they had to board the plane I decided to try and bargain with her.

Bending: Second Moment of Area and Solid Edge

MEM23061A Test Mechanical Engineering Materials Lab. BEAM BENDING The bending of beams is one of the most important types of stress in engineering. Bending  is more likely to be a critical stress than  other types of stress – like tension, compression etc. In this laboratory, we will be determining the Modulus of Elasticity E (also called Young's Modulus) of the various materials and using Solid Edge to determine the Second Moment of Area for the different cross-sections. [pic] Equations Use units: Force (N), Length (mm), Stress (MPa) E = Young's Modulus or Mod of Elasticity (MPa)I = 2nd Moment of Area or Area Moment (mm4). Can calculate using SolidEdge sketch. BENDING [pic] In our case, we must first convert the mass to Newtons (N). W = kg * 9. 81 L is the span length in (mm). I is the Second Moment of Area in (mm4). We can calculate this for a rectangle using a simple formula; [pic] For other shapes it is not so simple. We need to calculate these using a program such as Solid Edge (see below). Determining the value of E in MPa. From the above equation, Deflection    z = W * L3 / (48 * E * I) so E =   W * L3 / (48 * z * I) Determining Stress in MPa.From the above equation, Bending Moment   (Nmm)    M = W*L / 4 and Maximum  Stress (MPa)      f = M * y / I where y = distance from centroid to the bottom (or top) of the beam. This is simply half the depth for all the symmetrical beams except the channel. To find the centroid for the channel you need to use Solid Edge again (same as the Ixx window) [pic] Laboratory 1. Load another beam onto the rig. 2. Adjust dial gauge to ensure it is touching the beam. Zero the dial face by rotating the lense and locking in place. 3. Apply each load and record the deflection measurement. . Check you have all recordings: Beam material, beam cross-sectional dimensions, span length, deflection readings, masses. 5. Make estimates of the errors associated with each measurement. E. g. Parallax error, mis-alignm ent, mechanical play,  incorrect deflections etc 5. Repeat for next beam†¦ [pic] Report 1. Use Solid Edge to calculate Ixx for each beam. Also determine the weight on CAD. Draw up the cross-section (either in part   mode or as a draft). While you are still in the profile sketch (i. e. before going to a solid) go to top menu:  Inspect > Area†¦ gt; Click â€Å"Area Information† button in Ribbonbar > (click inside the area you want to inspect) > Click on the green arrow in Ribbonbar. > You should see a table like this†¦ [pic] Ixx is the Second Moment of Area in bending with  a vertical load. 2. Write a short   report on the beam bending results. Each beam must have at least 3 weights. Make sure the deflection does not exceed the travel of the dial indicator (if so, use a lighter weight). 3. Using the equations above, calculate the value of E. Compare these values to the values obtained from  the internet.E. g. Matweb. Show the working for 1 example cal culation, but only give the rest of the answers in a table. Use Excel to do your calculations. 4. Determine the maximum stress   for each mass (load) added to the beams. 5. Discuss any sources of error in the experiment – esp measurements – and how they might affect the results. Specify an overall error for your calculation of E. [pic] [pic] Using the dial gauge to measure deflection in the beam while under a load of 500g. [pic] [pic] The face of the dial gauge can be rotated to zero the scale.

Henry James’ “The Turn of the Screw” Essay

At first glance, it would appear that Henry James’ â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† and Tim Burton’s â€Å"Edward Scissorhands† have only one thing in common: they are both from the gothic genre. But upon looking closer, one will notice that there are a number of other similar traits between the two. There are noticeable similarities between Edward and the Governess, as well as similarities between Edward and the two children in The Turn of the Screw, Miles and Flora. There are also general themes which the two share – images of a â€Å"perfect† society, as well as onlookers who have no control over the situation. Both â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† and â€Å"Edward Scissorhands† have many traditional features of the gothic genre. However, when compared to each other, it is found that â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† has more of the ‘traditional’ gothic elements. These include things such as the mysterious setting; an atmosphere of mystery and suspense that is present throughout the entire novel; visions, which are a regular occurrence for the Governess; supernatural events – such as the ‘ghosts’ and the ‘possessions’ of the children; high emotion; women threatened by males, which is found on the many occasions in which the Governess feels threatened by Quint; and there are many instances in which the women of the novel are in distress. In spite of this, a number of these elements can also be found in Edward Scissorhands, if not to a lesser extent. These include elements such as the setting – while the entire movie does not take place in a ‘gothic setting’, there are times where the viewer is able to see Edward’s original home – a mysterious, gloomy castle; an atmosphere of mystery and suspense, which is an underlying theme throughout the movie; visions – to some extent – experienced by the Boggs’ neighbour; and supernatural events – largely, the overall creation of Edward. Other elements that are similar between the two are women in distress – in Edward Scissorhands, this is largely Kim; and women threatened by males – shown in scenes with Kim and her threatening boyfriend, Jim. There are not only similarities between the overall genre of The Turn of the Screw and Edward Scissorhands, but between the characters as well. There are striking similarities between the Governess, the narrator of the book, and Edward, the main character of the movie. One of the most prominent is that  neither of these lead characters have much experience in the ‘real world’, as is evident through their actions and words. However, the Governess and Edward deal with this in different ways. Edward is generally dazed and confused about everything. Nevertheless, Edward is willing to learn, and is open to being taught. In contrast, the Governess reacts to her lack of experience by acting as though she is knowledgeable. She is unwilling to try other methods, and refuses to listen to others who might know better. Both characters were also taught the difference between ‘right’ and ‘wrong’. Edward is taught this by the inventor, while the Governess is taught this through both her upbringing, and by her father. Both Edward and the Governess are taught this in theory, but have never experienced it in practice – that is, they have never been able to apply the idea of right and wrong to the real world. Additionally, there are a number of similarities between Edward, and the two children, Miles and Flora. Both have overbearing female or ‘mother’ figures in their lives. In Edward’s case, this is his ‘foster’ mother, Peg, who tends to be more caring towards him, and looks out for him. In the children’s case, this is the Governess. However, unlike Peg, the Governess coddles the children, spending all her time with them and not letting them out of her sight. Both of them are also blamed for something which they didn’t do, or which never happened. Edward is framed for the robbery and murder, which had the potential to get him in trouble with the law. This was a deliberate blame and set up. On the other hand, Miles and Flora were accused of seeing ghosts, and lying about it. However, in contrast to Edward’s situation, we never know whether this actually happened – but either way, it wasn’t a deliberate setup. There are even more similarities between Edward and the two children. Both of these characters are abandoned by their ‘father figure’. In Edward’s case, this is in the death of his inventor. Because of this, Edward has to learn to cope for himself, and as a result, is confused about how to act correctly. This differs to Miles and Flora – though their parents die, and their uncle effectively abandons him, they still have people who are willing to look after them, such as Mrs Grose and the Governess. They are also both  idealised by the people around them. The community idealises Edward – he is treated as a phase, the latest craze. They have preconceived notions of him, but don’t take the time to get to know him and see if they’re actually true. In the children’s case, this is where the Governess idealises Miles and Flora. She imagines them to be so perfect and innocent, but she doesn’t take the time to get to know them. Because of this, when they act differently to the behaviour she expects of them, she thinks something is wrong. Edward and Miles are both seen to have ‘dangerous’ characters, and because of this they eventually become shunned or kicked out – though the extent to which this happen differs. Miles is seen as a ‘danger’ to the other children, and is kicked out of his school, but he is not rejected or shunned overall, just from one place. In contrast, Edward is eventually shunned by society as a whole because they don’t understand him. As a result of this, he is rejected by society, and becomes an outcast. The narrative structure of the two texts is also quite similar. Both of them are told by a female, and in the first person. This viewpoint makes the story seem more personal, as it gives the reader or the viewer a better insight into what really took place. Both stories also start off in the present tense, with someone talking about the events which had previously taken place, before going into an account of the story. However, in The Turn of the Screw, we never go back to the original setting, whereas in Edward Scissorhands we are taken back to the original storyteller to finish the story. In both instances, it also gives the feel of the storyteller holding onto the secret, and waiting for the right time and place to finally tell their story to a willing audience. There are a number of general things which are common in both the texts. One of these is that both The Turn of the Screw and Edward Scissorhands have onlookers that have no control over the story, and don’t fully understand what is going on. In Edward Scissorhands, the onlooker is Kim – Peg’s daughter – who is a silent observer, and unsure as to what is happening. In The Turn of the Screw, this onlooker is Mrs Grose. Mrs Grose has no control over the actions of any of the other characters, and is forced to sit back and watch as the events take place around her, not fully knowing what is  going on. Another theme common in both texts, as well as being common in the gothic genre, is the idea of a woman being threatened by a powerful, impulsive, controlling male. In The Turn of the Screw, this is Quint, who, though dead, makes the Governess feel threatened. In Edward Scissorhands, the male is Jim – Kim’s boyfriend. She feels threatened by his actions, and especially at his reaction to Edward. But the most obvious similarity between the two texts is that both have a â€Å"perfect society†, which slowly falls away, leaving the reader with an image of a very tainted place. In Edward Scissorhands, the community that he lives in is regarded as perfect, with everyone being accepting of him. However, as the story progresses, the perfect image falls away and we are left with a community that is biased and judgemental. In The Turn of the Screw, it first appears as though everything is perfect – particularly the beauty of Bly, and the children’s characters, but we soon learn that it isn’t. Overall, while there are some aspects of the texts which are entirely different, there are too many similarities for one to say that they are not alike in some way. These similarities are shown in a number of areas – in the genre, the narrative structure, the character’s actions and thoughts, as well as the overall themes and ideas which are introduced. However, whether The Turn of the Screw and Edward Scissorhands are similar or entirely different, they are both classic examples of the gothic genre of fiction.

Bottling Company Case Study Essay

I am the manager at a major bottling company. Customers have begun to complain that the bottles of our brand of soda contains less than the advertised sixteen (16) ounces of product. My boss has asked me to investigate and solve the problem at hand. I have asked my employees to pull and measure the amount of soda in each of thirty (30) randomly selected bottles off the line from all the shifts at the bottling plant. 1. The following calculations show the mean, median and standard deviation for the case study. Mean =14.8 The mean was calculated by getting the sum of total ounces in each bottle and then dividing that total by the sample size of thirty (30). Median = 14.8 The median is derived from the number that is in the middle, once the measurements have been placed in chronological order. Since the sample size is an even number, the median is obtained by taking the average of the two numbers in the middle. Standard Deviation = 0.55033 The standard deviation is the square root of the variance, which is average of the squares of the distance that each value is from the mean. 2. 95% Confidence Interval = 6.056489716 The CI (confidence interval) is a specific interval estimate of parameter determined by using data obtained from a sample and the specific confidence level of the estimate. 3. Conduct a hypothesis test to verify if the claim that a bottle contains less than sixteen (16) ounces is supported. Clearly state the logic of your test, the calculations, and the conclusion of your test. Unfortunately, I was unable to complete this step in the investigation for lack of  understanding and preparation. But, if I had to guess, I would say that the bottles do not contain the sixteen (16) ounces advertised. 4. Provide three (3) speculations as to why the bottles have less than sixteen (16) ounces of soda. The equipment was faulty in set up. Purposely designed to have less than sixteen (16) ounces for the purpose of expansion because acidic products need to have room for built up pressure. If a bottle has been agitated in transportation, once it is opened, there will be an exploded release of pressure. The calibration on the machine needs to be reset. In an effort to avoid the deficit in the future, the company can schedule frequent maintenance to the equipment to ensure proper function.

Animal Farm †Book Report Essay

Animal Farm talks not only about the corruption of rebellion and revolt by its leaders but also how wickedness, indifference, ignorance and greed influence it. It illustrates immoral leadership, a flaw of revolution. It also depicts how ignorance and indifference to problems within a rebellion allows terrible things to happen if a smooth transition to the people’s government is unsuccessful. Old Major, the old boar on the Manor Farm, summons all the animals on the farm to a meeting, where he compares the humans to parasites and teaches the animals a revolutionary song, ‘Beasts of England’. When Major dies three days later, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and turn his dream into a philosophy. The animals revolt and drive the drunken and irresponsible farmer Mr. Jones from his farm, renaming it â€Å"Animal Farm†. Animal Farm symbolizes Russia under the Communist Party rule. But more generally, Animal Farm stands for any human society- capitalist, socialist, fascist, or communist. It possesses the structure of a nation with a government (the pigs), a police force (the dogs), a working class (all the other animals), along with state holidays and rituals. Its location in the middle of a number of hostile, neighboring farms supports its symbolism as a political system with diplomatic concerns. Overall, Animal Farm was an amazing book with an incredible sense of morality and had several important themes. The author, George Orwell, displayed his theme in an interesting and entertaining way. I learned that one person’s (or pig’s-in this situation) greed and ignorance can lead to disastrous consequences.

The Famous American Criminal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

The Famous American Criminal - Essay Example He beheaded twelve of his victims and kept some heads at his apartment as a memento. Occasionally, he would break into people’s homes in the middle of the night and beat them to death. Bundy was initially charged in the year 1975 in the US state of Utah for kidnapping and attempted murder, which led to a long list of cases of murders in different states. Bundy managed to escape the prison twice from 1975 onwards during which, he committed more murders. He was ultimately captured in the year 1978 in Florida. In two distinct trials, Bundy was given three death sentences for the murders he had committed in Florida. Bundy expressed his views upon the art of crime in these words, â€Å"You learn what you need to kill and take care of the details. It's like changing a tire. The first time you're careful. By the thirtieth time, you can't remember where you left the lug wrench† (Bundy cited in â€Å"Ted Bundy Quotes†). Bundy attributed his madness and craziness to the st uff shown in the media. At one point, he said, â€Å"there lots of other kids playing in streets around this country today who are going to be dead tomorrow, and the next day, and the next day and month, because other young people are reading the kinds of things and seeing the kinds of things that are available in the media today† (Bundy cited in â€Å"The 14 Creepiest†). Although he confessed having killed 30 women, the true number was never revealed by him (Bell). Ted Bundy was executed on 24 January 1989. He was executed on an electric chair at Florida’s Raiford Prison.

Through representation of poverty in particular ways, NGOs have been Essay

Through representation of poverty in particular ways, NGOs have been more a part of the problem than a part of the solution. Discuss with relevant examples - Essay Example In the media, image representation not only via virtual means but also with the aid of TV ad artists has selectively utilized those disturbing pieces meant to compel uninformed potential donors part with own money (Coulter, 1989). These depictions fail entirely in relaying the exact situation in the developing states whereby through the media end up blindfolding donors in yielding to support their â€Å"humanitarian† antics. Therefore, this study seeks to relay information on how NGOs despite somehow helping grossly have ended up being problem in their destined respective regions. The formation of many NGOs mainly happens with a certain perspective in mind most of which aim at ending poverty in world at large rather than concentrating in a particular region in the world. While their initial intentions are noble, they end up creating a greater problem in the efforts to curb poverty than helping. This is mainly because they do not clearly elucidate goals of their campaign thus they end up not achieving what they had initially intended (Harrison, 2010). Like in the case of the coalition consisting of various NGOs forming a campaign dubbed â€Å"Making Poverty History† (MPH) in 2003, their focus was on the G8 summit which was to happen in 2005. Their original purpose was to end poverty globally rather than concentrating on a particular segment especially Africa which already had been a matter of discussion for several years (Harrison, 2010, p. 393). The minimal use of images in illustrating poverty conditions diminished their efforts since there was no cle ar representation of what the true condition of poverty was. Their resolution not to specifically use Africa in their main agenda to end poverty blurred the significance of imagery representation. Therefore, instead of them otherwise choosing an image representation elsewhere they

Global Demographics and the Death Penalty Essay

Global Demographics and the Death Penalty - Essay Example However, global patterns can be examined which can help uncover the underlying indicators that are common to countries that have the death penalty. The fair institution of the death penalty can be evaluated in the United States. Research can show the motivations, targets, and eventual victims of capital punishment in the world and in the United States. Two thirds of the world's countries have abolished the death penalty either in law or in practice and membership in the European Union requires its abolishment. There are still 69 countries that maintain and practice capital punishment. China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the USA were responsible for 94% of the known executions that took place in 2005. China had the greatest numbers of executions and though accurate data is difficult to obtain, at least 1,170 people were confirmed executed in 2005. Other estimates for China range as high as 8.000 ("Facts and Figures"). Though China had the greatest number, on a per capita basis Saudi Arabia had the largest percentage of its population executed. A Saudi was almost five times as likely to be executed than a Chinese and eighteen times as likely as an American. Saudi Arabia's unusually high rate is due to the wide range of crimes that are punishable by death. Renouncing of Islam, witchcraft, sexual offenses, drug dealing, and corruption can all carry a death sentence. China uses the death penalty for criminal activities that range from murder to economic crimes. It should be noted that both China and Saudi Arabia are highly guarded societies. Their legal system is extremely secretive and people charged are afforded almost no legal rights as we perceive them in the United States. There may be no right to an appeal and execution may take place on the same day as sentencing. The denial of rights and the broad range of crimes account for the high rates of executions in both China and Saudi Arabia. While methods of execution have evolved in some countries, others such as Afghanistan and Iran still use the barbaric means of stoning. In nearby Saudi Arabia, beheading is the method of choice. China still uses the firing squad but is slowly moving towards lethal injection. Hanging, which the United States has only recently moved away from, is still found in Japan and Egypt. Electrocution is used only in the United States though most executions are carried out through the more humane method of lethal injection ("Facts and Figures"). Support for the death penalty usually comes from extreme religious positions or totalitarian regimes. The high rate in China is perpetuated by the tyranny of ideology and reflects the mass executions of political foes that have occasionally cropped up around the globe. Castro executed an estimated 1,000 members of the opposition in his first 3 months of power. Still, the mainstay of support for capital punishment is religion. In Iran and Saudi Arabia, the ruling theocracy condemns prisoners for crimes against Islam. In the United States the support comes from biblical justification. In the Scandinavian countries, which are less religious, capital punishment is banned and has little support. Though the Catholic Church officially denounces capital punishment, American Catholics favor the death penalty in greater numbers than the general population (Davis and Smith). Davis and Smith also report

Swimming Pool Chemistry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Swimming Pool Chemistry - Term Paper Example To be more specific, the regular use to which swimming pools are put requires that they be cleaned on a regular basis. Exposed as they are, and frequented by a lot of people, swimming pools are places that are especially prone to infection if neglected. This paper, then, is intended as an explanation of the various measures taken by operators of swimming pools as to how to keep their waters safe, as well as how the public can do their part. The Importance of Swimming Pool Sanitation As detailed in a report by the World Health Organization (2006), swimming pools are vulnerable to pollutants such as bird droppings or even the rain. And while indoor pools are much safer, even they need to be cleaned at least once in a while just to be absolutely sure. Either way, as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009), pathological contaminants often abound in swimming pools, which can cause a myriad of conditions such as diarrhea. A pool that is cleaned regularly is in effect guaranteed to be safe for the public to enjoy – guaranteed safe for them to swim in. ...In the words of the Division for Environmental Health (2011), the only way to maintain safe and consistent swimming pool operation is through proper water chemistry. The exact process involved is often rather varied, not only in the chemicals that may be used but also in the methods employed. For one thing, disinfectants may be used to rid the water of harmful, objectionable or otherwise unwanted microorganisms. Alkalinity and pH adjusters may also be used to ensure that the pool’s pH and acidity levels remain stable, while algaecide and filter aids respectively kill any algae and prevent foreign material from spreading in the water. Swim King’s (2011) official website also tells us that the balance between these chemicals needs to be just right so as to keep the water free of any unwanted ‘lurkers’, yet still be safe for those of us who feel like taking a swim. For instance, free chlorine residual refers to the amount of chlorine which has yet to react with any other substance in the water besides the water itself, and should ideally be anywhere between 1-3 ppm. Secondly, combined chlorine refers to chlorine that fits the opposite description – that is to say, it has already reacted with a foreign substance. This kind of chlorine is no longer a help to the disinfection process, and indeed, only acts as an irritant. And finally, total chlorine residual is the sum of these two variants of chlorine. Besides chlorine, bromine can also be used to fulfill the function of disinfection. In fact, whereas the former is more prevalent in swimming pools (Sweazy, 2001), it is the latter that is the preferred substance among owners of spas and hot tubs (Wilson, 2002).

Astronomy and astrological studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Astronomy and astrological studies - Essay Example . Many were valuing an unknown future over facts of the past, and becoming more and more questioning. This curiosity led to wanting to understand the heavens and the stars more, which is why they developed astronomers. The first theory developed was the Ptolemaic Universe. This describes a motionless earth surrounded by nine spherical containers of a sort. The seven closest ones were seen as different heavenly bodies which were observable to humans. The eighth was thought to be filled with stars and the ninth was the one with the ability to produce and keep the rotation around earth. Beyond these spheres, separate from the universe or otherworldly, were the heavens. They believed the heavens were made out of matter that couldn’t be found on earth. This matter did not follow the rules of physics on earth and the other planets below the moon, which were not yet recognized for what they are. This theory was eventually rejected because it didn’t make sense because the other planets were clearly not making revolutions around the earth. They would appear to stop, slow down, or even change their course and go in the opposite direction. Religious astronomers fought to think of reasons for these movements, and their last conclusion was that each sphere was rotating around a fixed point which was rotating around earth.

Technical writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Technical writing - Essay Example cking are still being looked into, the various department heads of the company have decided to restrict the use of the email address to only official business until further notice. Our IT staff will also closely monitor the use of the email system and call the attention of those who violate the new policy. Continued violation of the new email policy will result in employee dismissal. Due to the delicate nature of our POS business, our company has decided to implement a Unique Employee Password Generation system on a monthly basis to replace our old individiualized password system that was based upon personal choice. This change is being undertaken by our IT department in cooperation with our Human Resources Department over the next month. You may access your Unique Employee Password by undertaking the following steps: Should you have any problems accessing your POS rights after the assignment of the new password, please do not hesitate to call the attention of Lisa Loeb at lisa.loeb@smssales.com. She is our point person during the implementation of this new project and she will always be on call to help you sort out any problems you might have as we slowly roll out this new password system. As a valued member of Eco Hotel and Spas Nature Lovers Club, it is my honor and privilege to present you with this free voucher for a weekend stay at our newest and most environmentally friendly hotel, the Azure Beach Resort. Our newest waterfront hotel this side of Beverly Hills. Located in on the north side of Beverly Hills, the beach boasts of the finest white sand this side of California, the bluest water to rival the color of our skies, and the pristine and almost untouched by human hands natural beauty of the forest adjacent to the hotel and beach. This members only beach resort shall have its soft opening on June 15, 2013 with only a handful of carefully selected Nature Lovers Club members gracing the occassion. I am more than pleased to have this opportunity to

Buying fashion apparel (fashion merchandising) Essay

Buying fashion apparel (fashion merchandising) - Essay Example , and constrictive clothes and accessories that were characteristic of the fashion that existed in the nineteenth century (Sterlacci and Arbuckle 41). Various fashion models and celebrities from all over the world have personified the products from this fashion house. The House of Chanel is synonymous with the little black dress and the suit along with a perfume that has recorded a lot of success (Willett 86). The company’s utilization of jersey fabrics created comfortable garments which were affordable for the target market. The company transformed the fashion industry including the high fashion and everyday fashion through switching the structured silhouettes that were based on the corset with clothing that was functional while maintaining flattery of the figure of a woman. During the 1920s, the simple designs associated with Chanel popularized the flat chested fashions that were dissimilar from the hour-glass figure which had been popularised in the late nineteenth century (Willett 86). The company utilized manly hues like grey and navy blue to demonstrate fashion boldness of personality. The clothes associated with the company included quilted fabric as well as leather trimmings where this quilted construction is meant to reinforce the fabric, design, finish to create a cloth that maintains its form, and function when it has been worn. A case in point of such a garment is the woollen Chanel suit that entails a skirt and cardigan styled suit which is knee-length, cropped with black embroidery decorations and golden buttons. The accessories that complement this garment were two-tone pump shoes together with jewellery, typically pearl necklaces and a handbag made from leather material. Brand positioning starts with clearly understanding of the customers being targeted and describe them in terms of the prevailing usage patterns, demographic attributes as well as general objectives. Insight in the objectives of the target population is particularly critical as

Learning Anatomy in the 16th and 17th century Essay

Learning Anatomy in the 16th and 17th century - Essay Example They later documented their work in the form of paintings, handbooks and other works. The art of human anatomy is dated back to the 1600 BC with the first contributor Mr. Edwin Smith. His work included the approach of the human body at different perspectives. According to his work, there is proof that the heart had vessels that helped in the transportation of blood throughout the body. He referred to them as blood vessels and they were believed to have originated from the heart. The treatise of the heart is contained in the Ebers Papyrus. He also noted that there was the presence of other vessels that helped in the transportation of other body fluids such as saliva, sweat, urine, semen and tears. Most of these organs were identified after examination of human corpses. Discoveries on human anatomy had various importances which can be viewed in the modern day society. Some of the artwork by artists foretold what would later be found out using state of the art technology. During the 16 and 17th centuries, there was no technology. However, these artists came up with paintings such as the Leornado Da Vinci’s painting on the human womb. His work foretold how the child looked like while in the wombs (Clayton & Ronald 55). It would later be confirmed using CRT scans which show the position of the child while in the womb. Artists work provided detailed information on the structure of the human body. They carried out researches on behalf of the general population to help doctors in their work. To some extent, the arties were so vigorous in their work such that they continued with their work even after bans had been enforced to reduce dissection on human corpses. For example, Leonardo was able to dissect close to 30 bodies during his research (Clayton & Ronald 45). This helped him provided a detailed report which would help him in his paintings. The paintings were used to create awareness to the members of the society. Most of the people did not know what constitut ed their bodies and how they functioned. As compared to the 21st century, his artwork is perfect. His sketches on the human body provided both internal and external details. He had and expansive study on bones, organs, muscles and the blood circulatory system. Vesalius on the other hand created detailed drawings on allegorical poses. After investing in research, he was able to gather data which he used to publish several books. He published the ‘De humani corporis fabrica’ which was a seven volume book containing his artwork. ‘Abridgement of the Structure of the Human Body’ was also published to provide his findings focusing on illustration rather than actual texts. According to other scholars, it is through Vesalius that they were able to learn the internal functioning of the human body. His findings were presented in a three dimensional place to help them provide detailed information to its viewers. Vesalius was the first scholar to provide a good descrip tion on the sphenoid bone. He was very detailed in his work and led to classification sternum. He also improved the works of Etienne which helped him clarify the type of veins and arteries and also the presence of valves. During the enlightenment era, most anatomist continued operating under the same ideology as Vesalius. He believed that all anatomists had the right to perform surgical operations on human corpses. His work later bore fruit after some of his followers led to the

Juicy essay Essay Example for Free

Juicy essay Essay In the song â€Å"Juicy†, by Notorious BIG, also known as Biggie Smalls, there is a main theme of rising from poverty and entering into wealth. Wealth in this sense not only means material things, but it also makes reference to intangibles such as stability for himself and his mother. He begins by noting material things including: â€Å"condos in Queens,† â€Å"putting 5 Karats in my baby girls ear,† â€Å"lunches, brunches, interviews by the pool,† â€Å"50 inch screens, money green leather sofa, two cars a limousine with a chauffeur. † These material things highlight significance in his life because in comparison to his childhood, they are infinitely superior. His childhood consisted of â€Å"eatin sardines for dinner,† being â€Å"considered a common thief,† â€Å"dropping out of high school,† and living in public housing. Furthermore, Biggie’s life was immensely changed in a different aspect. Along with his economic wealth, he gained stability for himself and his mother and made her proud of him. He states, â€Å"My mother loves to show me off, of course, smiles every time my face is up in The Source.† Biggie also states that he celebrated every day because of his hard work and determination he was able to create a better opportunities for himself and his family. In the song â€Å"Juicy† there is a reoccurring theme of rising from the rags to the riches and never giving up on a dream that you set out to accomplish. Notorious BIG reflects on his life while growing up and always being told, â€Å"you’ll never make it.† In the song he says, â€Å"Considered a fool because I dropped out of high school, stereotypes of a black male misunderstood, and its all good.† He dropped out of school so that he could continue to make music and pursue a career. While growing up in poverty, Biggie was often faced with the option to sell drugs or stay in school. When he dropped out of school at the age of 17, he became a drug dealer so he could make some money with the ultimate goal of becoming a rapper. In the song he says, â€Å"to all the people that lived above the buildings that I was hustlin in front of that called the police on me when I was just tryin to make some money to feed my daughters, and all the niggaz in the struggle, you know what Im sayin?† When he was growing up there were things he had to do to get by, there were things that he had to do that weren’t always legal, but he did  what he needed to provide for his family. Another important part of the song was when said, â€Å"I let my tape rock ‘till my tape popped†. He didnt give up on his dream of becoming a rapper. No matter how many people told him he couldnt do it, or he wouldnt last, he never gave up and he continued to give out his tapes. Biggie’s â€Å"tape popped† when his song was number one on Billboard Magazine. This led him to being signed by Bad Boy Records, which was owned by fellow East Coast Rapper, Sean â€Å"Diddy† Combs. After becoming rich and making it in the rap game, Biggie became a different person. He didnt know what to do with the wealth he had and flaunted it in the wrong ways. In the song he says, â€Å"Girls used to diss me, now they writing letters because they miss me.† When he said that they used to diss him, he was referring to how people that were close to him changed because they wanted to take advantage of him, and people that weren’t close to him wanted to be friends and benefit from the wealth he had. In this part of the song he was referring to how wealth can corrupt people. He remained unfazed, kept his circle small, and still pursued his dream of becoming a famous rapper. An excerpt from the song, after Notorious became popular, â€Å"Living life without fear, putting 5 karats in my baby girl’s ear, lunches, brunches, interviews by the pool† This was an important transformation in his life because he went from a gangster on the streets and slinging drugs, to a rich rap star. Another quote from the song was, â€Å"Phone bill about 2 G’s flat, no need to worry my accountant handles that.† With all the wealth that he accumulated, he was carefree living. He went from struggling to put food on the table for his family to letting businessmen handle all his financial decisions. He had seen the way that wealth could change people. Also in the song he mentioned, â€Å"50 inch screen, money green leather sofa, got two rides, a limousine with a chauffer.† The way that Biggie spent his money was typical to any other person that made it from rags to riches. He went from wondering if he would have a meal to eat, to spending money on lavish things. The end of Biggie’s career came on March 3, 1997 when he was shot several times outside of an album release party in Los Angeles. He came out to a shoot music video for the song â€Å"Hypnotize† off his album â€Å"Ready To Die†. With the past beef that he had with west coast rappers, the trip out to California wasn’t encouraged. He died six days later in the hospital. Through out Biggie’s life, there were a couple strong  characteristics that he left behind. He left behind a strong work ethic with an attitude that nobody could out work him. When he died, it was a tough loss in the rap world because he had been very influential amongst rappers that had come from tough childhoods and lived in tough areas. He was a perfect example of emerging from a life of poverty and becoming successful and extremely wealthy. The Notorious B.I.G. à ¢Ã¯â€šâ‚¬ Juicy Lyrics. Rap Genius. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. http://rapgenius.com/The-notorious-big-juicy-lyrics The Notorious B.I.G. Billboard. Rovi Corporation, 9 Mar. 2010. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. . Duke, Alan. FBI Reveals Documents in Biggie Smalls Death Probe. CNN. CNN, 08 Apr. 2011. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. .